Archive for the ‘conservation’ Category

Meet the Painting Doctor

Posted by Gary Vikan on Wednesday, February 2nd, 2011

This is an installment of the weekly interview series, on the Culture Comment blog. It’s called “Behind-the-Scenes.” Each week, we’ll discuss new facts and information about the people that make the Walters Art Museum tick. Now, let’s meet Eric Gordon.


Eric Gordon, Conservator

Eric Gordon, In the Conservation Laboratory

Gary Vikan: What do you do at the Walters?

Eric Gordon: I’m head of painting conservation

GV: What does a conservator do?

EG: I’m the painting doctor. I make sure, along with my excellent staff, that the paintings in the museum’s collection are stable and reflect the intent of the artist, considering the paintings’ age. In other words, we don’t try to make a painting look like it just came off the artist’s easel.

GV: What do you like about being a conservator?

EG: I enjoy working on paintings as more than just materials. I like the creative process. I enjoy history and the artists and I enjoy seeing how all these fit together. I like the detective work and exchanging ideas with other art and museum professionals. Also, it’s great seeing art every day. I’m very lucky.

GV: How did you get involved with conservation?

EG: I discovered conservation during my junior year in Italy. I remember seeing frescos in the streets of Florence and thinking they can’t be the real thing, outside? Wouldn’t they get rained on? When I went to the Uffizzi I saw Michelangelo’s Doni tondo which had just been restored next to an uncleaned Fra Bartolomeo altarpiece and thought, wow, look at the intense colors of the Michelangelo and the murky surface of the altarpiece. I realized that my perception of the paintings was totally influenced by their condition. Then, I met a young woman who was studying painting conservation in Florence and bing! A light went on in my head and I realized, this is what I want to do when I grow up.

GV: What is the most interesting project you’ve worked on at the Walters?

EG: Finding and restoring a lost painting. It was CSI: Walters. George Inness’s The New Jerusalem painted in 1867 disappeared in 1880 when a large tower in Madison Square Garden collapsed onto its exhibit hall, killing 3 people. Michael Quick, an Inness expert who had seen every Inness, thought that he recognized pieces of the painting as described in contemporary reviews in other paintings. He speculated that The New Jerusalem may have been damaged, reworked by the artist and sold as separate paintings and that the Walters’, The Valley of the Olive Trees, bought in 1897, was the largest fragment.
Inness
I brought all the existing pieces together to the museum and carried out scientific analysis to see if these paintings were the lost work. Not only did they fit like pieces in a puzzle, but having them together allowed me to restore our own very damaged section. It was a fascinating detective story, and I was able to turn our unexhibitable Inness into a beautiful painting. Kind of an ugly duckling story. The icing on the cake was a video we made on the project for Maryland Public Television.

http://www.vimeo.com/19497531

GV: What projects are you currently working on?

EG: I’m treating a large Venetian, Adam and Eve that’s been in storage along with many, many other untreated paintings. I’ve been eying this painting for years. It was painted around 1600 and probably hasn’t been cleaned since the 19th century when additions were added onto all 4 sides. The varnish was so discolored that it actually looked green, like the painting was under water in a swamp. The additions have been removed, changing the entire composition, and I’m now retouching the paint losses. Big transformation.

GV: When people ask you about your work, what do they most often want to know?

EG: First, I hear, “You must have incredible patience.” I don’t know. When you’re focused on what you’re doing and you enjoy it, you don’t think about patience. Actually I’m a very impatient person (with animate objects). Second, they want to know where I trained and how can someone get into the field. I feel flattered that they think that what I do is interesting. When I went to a high school reunion, someone told me I did the weirdest thing. He owned a truck rental company.

Examining Ivory

Posted by Gary Vikan on Monday, November 8th, 2010


This is a rare example of a 16th-century Turkish ivory hilt, delicately carved in relief with arabesque designs of interlacing foliage scrolls.

This morning my students showed up early all set to start today’s lesson on ivory sources. After my lecture they were so excited to discover that they can actually tell the difference between elephant, mammoth, hippo, walrus, warthog, sperm whale and narwhal ivory. They all aced the quiz. Then they showed me the ivory objects they had selected from the Walters website and identified what kind of ivory they were. The sad thing is that what we take for granted remains so difficult for them. We would never have the patience to wait so long for images to appear on the monitor. At tea break we had visits from a Greek and several Germans, all thinking about ways to collaborate with the Institute. At lunch two Kurdish members of the Institute’s board visited and stayed to watch the students show off their new skills.

In the afternoon we worked in the laboratory looking at different types of ivory under the microscope, taking photomicrographs, and making a tool to measure Schreger lines on elephant and mammoth ivory. The students learned the hot needle test for synthetic ivory–always a hit as the needle penetrates the surface and smoke and fumes rise from the sample. Of course, then I had to break it to them that it is unlikely they will ever do this popular test on an actual artifact and that I demonstrate it only to show how destructive it is.

Tomorrow morning we will visit a local museum to look at their ivory.

Terry


Our chief conservator, Terry Drayman-Weisser, has returned to Iraq. She visited there in May, and wrote as a guest blogger here on Culture Comment. She is the director of conservation and technical research, at the Walters Art Museum, and travels to Iraq to assist with conservation efforts there. She will be guest-blogging again, during her return trip.

First Day with a New Class

Posted by Gary Vikan on Sunday, November 7th, 2010

There was much discussion at dinner last night about someone being caught at a checkpoint here with explosives in the car. I believe the driver was on the road to Kirkuk. Still, this area is relatively safe compared to Baghdad.


This alabaster relief is Assyrian. It was once painted. Conservators have determined what it must have looked like, by finding tiny remnants of the original pigments.

The rooster went off much earlier this morning. I don’t think this rooster and I are destined to stay on good terms. Today was my first day with the new class. The students are as enthusiastic and eager to learn as the group I taught in May. There is also a “master trainer” sitting in on the class from the Iraqi National Museum in Baghdad. She and a Kurdish conservator who was in my May class will be learning all they can to take on coordinating training as the program transitions from the Americans to the Iraqis. They are both bright and talented, so the future for the Institute looks positive.

My students all went on the Walters website today to learn how to locate works of art. Part of their homework assignment is to select an ivory object from the collection for further discussion in class. I also assigned them the Walters website education activity, “Integrating the Arts“, to re-color the Assyrian relief. Once they found it I could not get them to take their afternoon break. They were all totally mesmerized.

I must prepare now for tomorrow’s class. I just hope that darn rooster sleeps in.

Terry


Our chief conservator, Terry Drayman-Weisser, has returned to Iraq. She visited there in May, and wrote as a guest blogger here on Culture Comment. She is the director of conservation and technical research, at the Walters Art Museum, and travels to Iraq to assist with conservation efforts there. She will be guest-blogging again, during her return trip.

Getting Ready for Work in the Laboratory

Posted by Gary Vikan on Saturday, November 6th, 2010

I awoke this morning with the roosters and sat outside with my tea in the warm sunlight. A local hen with her chicks came to visit. I felt villanous eating an egg for breakfast. This is a day off here, but Sunday is a regular working day for everyone, including me. So I must finish preparing my lectures today.

I have just returned from the Institute. I wanted to check out the set up in the laboratory so there will be no surprises tomorrow. Everything seems to be in good order. While I was out, I was treated to a tour of the Citadel (overlooking the Institute) by a British preservation specialist who has been working on a master plan for the site. Seeing the structures through his eyes was worth the overall coating of dust I accumulated. The team staying at the house has just grown by one, a photographer. We are having a barbeque for dinner tonight–hard to believe that I am in Iraq.

Terry from Erbil, Iraq


Our chief conservator, Terry Drayman-Weisser, has returned to Iraq. She visited there in May, and wrote as a guest blogger here on Culture Comment. She is the director of conservation and technical research, at the Walters Art Museum, and travels to Iraq to assist with conservation efforts there. She will be guest-blogging again, during her return trip.

Return to Erbil

Posted by Gary Vikan on Friday, November 5th, 2010

Our chief conservator, Terry Drayman-Weisser, has returned to Iraq. She visited there in May, and wrote as a guest blogger here on Culture Comment. She is the director of conservation and technical research, at the Walters Art Museum, and travels to Iraq to assist with conservation efforts there. She will be guest-blogging again, during her return trip.


Arrived in Erbil to discover a new airport — opened, I hear, when Joe Biden visited here — nice. After listening with apprehension over the last few weeks to reports of renewed violence in Iraq, I am surprised by how familiar and comfortable everything feels. One thing I will have to get used to is that it begins to get dark at 4:30 in the afternoon. I am staying again with directors from the Iraqi Institute for the Conservation of Antiquites and Heritage where I will be teaching this week. There is a fuller house this time — 6 of us — conservators and architects. My hosts have been invited to a fish dinner tonight and have asked if I want to join them. I am too exhausted so instead will turn in early. I think I will easily sleep through the clamorous sounds of a neighborhood celebration — a wedding?

Behind-the-Scenes with Glenn Gates, Conservation Scientist

Posted by Gary Vikan on Wednesday, October 6th, 2010

Gary Vikan: What do you do at the Walters?

Glenn Grant: I am a Conservation Scientist, and I work in the Conservation and Technical Research Division.

GV: What does a Conservation Scientist do?

GG: The focus of my job is the analysis of materials, which can include pigment identification, corrosion analysis, metal alloy composition determination, paint stratigraphy examination, fiber analysis and the identification of many organic substances including varnishes, oils, proteins, waxes and carbohydrates.

While I do not conduct conservation treatment on art, I collaborate with conservators and curators to resolve issues surrounding materials identification and interpretation. For example, pigments derived from rocks, minerals and clays have been used for artistic expression since ancient times but synthetic pigments derived from chemical reactions were developed only after 1700 CE. If we have a work of art that seems to be from ancient times, yet synthetic pigments are identified in it through scientific analysis, then the ancient attribution of the work may need to be reconsidered. We can also use this analysis to determine whether conservation work should be done to remove modern overpainting from a work of art.

GV: What type of training do you need to be a conservation scientist

GG: A conservation scientist needs a solid foundation in scientific thought and analytical procedures; familiarity with conservation treatment strategies, art history and studio art practice is also essential. The scientific fields that produce the most conservation scientists are chemistry, materials science and geology. There are some conservation scientists that concluded academic studies with a master’s degree; however, most have post-doctoral education. Graduate-level training in conservation science is available through the University of Delaware and Harvard University.

GV: What projects are you currently working on?

GG: I have many projects I am currently working on, for example:

I am experimenting with nondestructive Raman spectroscopy  to see whether it is possible to distinguish Mesoamerican jade from Burmese jade?

Madonna and Child Enthroned

I am examining two works of art, the Walters’ Triptych Madonna and Child Enthroned [37.468] and a panel in the collection of the Museu Episcopal de Vic, Spain [MEV #8065]. Are there painting technique or material similarities between that would substantiate the hypothesis that the two paintings are by the same artist?

I am conducting alloy analysis of the treasure binding on the Walters’ Mondsee Gospels. Can we distinguish original medieval construction from later revision campaigns conducted during the Renaissance or Victorian eras?

I am examining the metal alloy and enamel composition of the Walters’ Reliquary of St. Oda [57.519] . Is it possible that this was once part of the Mosan gable-end of a chasse which is now part of the collection of the British Museum [1978,5-2,6 (27417W)]?

Day 7 in Iraq

Posted by Gary Vikan on Friday, May 28th, 2010

I finished teaching preservation of ivory this morning and graded the students on their condition reports and object re-housing projects completed yesterday while I was in Dohuk. I can’t believe how attached I have become to the students here after only 1 week. They are so dedicated and hard working and so hungry for knowledge. Today was the last day of classes for the module, and dignitaries arrived from as far away as Baghdad to attend the presentation of the certificates to the students. They are all so proud. I gave a short speech at the ceremony and then was interviewed by the local press. The graduation of the first class from the Iraqi Institute for Conservation of Antiquities and Heritage is truly a momentous occasion.

This evening I was invited to a talk on Islamic metalwork by a German scholar. There always seems to be something going on here organized by the ex-pat community.

I must pack now and don’t regret that I did not have any time for shopping. I will take back feelings and memories that no amount of money can buy.

Signing off from Erbil, Iraq.
Terry

Terry Drayman-Weisser is a guest blogger here on Culture Comment, during her trip to Iraq. She is the director of conservation and technical research, at the Walters Art Museum, and travels to Iraq to assist with conservation efforts there.

Day 6 in Iraq

Posted by Gary Vikan on Wednesday, May 26th, 2010

I left at 7:00a.m. for Dohuk, a 3 hour ride northwest on very dusty roads, to give 2 lectures on the value of cultural property and the conservator’s role in preserving it. I spoke first at the University of Dohuk to the Director and his students of the Institute of Planning and the College of Engineering and Architecture. I then gave a lecture to the Dohuk Director General of Antiquities and his staff. The highlight for me was a personal tour with the Director General of Antiquities of the Chewar Stoon Cave, an ancient temple site. The cave had 4 natural pillar formations inside, but only 1 was intact due to bombing by Saddam. Apparently he thought his enemies were hiding out there. Getting to the cave was quite a long, steep trek, but worth it for the spectacular view from the top. This was followed by lunch at a restaurant–excellent Kurdish food.

Some have asked about the security here. I have felt safe in Erbil and have walked on the streets without concern. I was a little apprehensive about the long drive to Dohuk, but it went without a hitch. There are checkpoints along the way, but life seems to be going on.

I am turning in early tonight. Tomorrow is my last day of teaching about preservation of ivory, and I also have to grade the projects the students worked on today in my absence. In the afternoon I will be interviewed for Kurdish TV. Don’t forget to watch!

Terry Drayman-Weisser is a guest blogger here on Culture Comment, during her trip to Iraq. She is the director of conservation and technical research, at the Walters Art Museum, and travels to Iraq to assist with conservation efforts there.

Day 5 in Iraq

Posted by Gary Vikan on Tuesday, May 25th, 2010

Gave my first test today. Everyone got 100%. Are they brilliant, or was my test too easy? I think they are brilliant.

The students have been anxious to talk about treatment of ivory, and I have been anxious to know more about the fate of the Nimrud ivories. Everyone’s wishes were fulfilled today. Most of the Nimrud ivories still await treatment, and I am hopeful that the training I am providing will make a difference in the outcome.

This evening had dinner with an architectural conservation consultant. He was born and raised in Africa, became a zookeeper in England (he was a friend of Gerald Durrell, one of my favorite authors!), and had a few other careers before settling into his current niche. His house reminds me of a Disney movie set–I was waiting for the princess to appear at one of the upper balconies.

I am traveling to Dohuk (a 3 hour drive) very early tomorrow morning to give lectures at University of Dohuk and to the Director General of Antiquities and his staff. Must finish preparing my lectures NOW.

Terry Drayman-Weisser is a guest blogger here on Culture Comment, during her trip to Iraq. She is the director of conservation and technical research, at the Walters Art Museum, and travels to Iraq to assist with conservation efforts there.

Arrival in Iraq

Posted by Gary Vikan on Friday, May 21st, 2010

Terry Drayman-Weisser will be a guest blogger here on Culture Comment, during her trip to Iraq. She is the director of conservation and technical research, at the Walters Art Museum, and travels to Iraq to assist with conservation efforts there. The Walters’ conservation laboratory is the third oldest in the U.S. and is known for its high standards in treatment and research. Terry writes about the first day of her work in Iraq.

After about 12 hours of sleepless travel I got my first glimpse of Erbil, Iraq.  As my plane began its descent, the view of the city from the air was obscured by a yellow dust cloud.  When I could finally see, I was amazed at how large and sprawling Erbil is with lots of new construction.  Apparently many refugees have settled here.  I am staying in a house in a protected traditionally Christian community, so it is much less conservative than the downtown (liquor stores!).  I was struck by how many bridal (yes bridal) shops there are in Erbil.  In fact, one of the streets looks a lot like Eastern Avenue in Baltimore.  The house I am in has everything one needs to live a simple, comfortable life.  So why do all of the bathroom fixtures look as if they were looted from Saddam’s palaces?

More later.
Terry